Voices: The significance of Black hymns for all Christians
Oh sing to the Lord a new song,
for he has done marvelous things!
(Psalm 98:1)
Baptists are known as singing people.
I am a product of the Black Baptist church tradition. My parents often said I began vocalizing melodies after church services even as a toddler. Church music is a major component of my DNA. It has always been my passion, aspiration, and applied formal training.
I began formal piano training at age 12. Musicians were expected to be able to play and lead hymns. Therefore, in my ambition, I set out to play every song in the 1940 Broadman Hymnal used by my church at that time.
I knew little or nothing of composition and poetic metrical forms, origins, narratives, and composers of the hymns. In the early years, it was simply a love for the melodic tones, harmonies, rhythms, and select lyrics of the hymns. As musical training advanced, so also did my understanding of church music, particularly the hymns of the church.
Hymn singing is biblical
Speak to one another with psalms, hymns, and songs.
(Ephesians 5:19; Colossians 3:16 NKJV)
Hymn singing is biblical. The Book of Psalms is the hymn book of the Bible. Psalms were used for worship in the Old Testament. They were also sung in the New Testament. Jesus sang psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs. The early church sang hymns.
Paul and Silas sang hymns at midnight in a prison dungeon. While we do not know exactly what psalms were used, the Bible notes, “The prisoners were listening” (Acts 16).
The singing of hymns is not only biblical. It is also doctrinal.
Our emotions are expressed in the hymn texts and tunes.
Surely, we are privileged to lift our voices in praise to our great and awesome God, our Creator, Redeemer, and Sustainer.
Rich faith heritage of hymns
Through Jesus, therefore, let us continually offer to God a sacrifice of praise—the fruit of lips that openly profess his name.
(Hebrews 13:15 NKJV).
There are more than half a million hymns, according to knowledgeable estimates. What a rich faith heritage has been handed down to the 21st-century body of Christ.
Most of us received our initial theological lessons from the texts of hymns. This is particularly true for African Americans. Our generations of worship were expressed through the oral folklore, messages of hymns, and the spirituals.
Although the earlier Baptist hymnals did not include many of our African American faith traditional music, except for several spirituals and hymns, our biblical and doctrinal heritage were built on this genre.
Black hymns, spirituals, anthems and gospels were important to worship, community, civic, and social gatherings of African American communities in the 1950s, 60s, and 70s.
Rev. Charles A. Tindley
The 1940 Broadman Hymnal and 1956 and 1975 Baptist Hymnal included several hymns of the late Rev. Charles Albert Tindley (1851-1933), the father of Black church hymnody.
While he was a prolific hymnist, only some of his songs were included: “Nothing Between,” “Stand By Me,” and “When the Morning Comes (By and By).”
During the 1950s and 60s, Tindley’s hymn composition “I’ll Overcome Some Day” was adopted by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. The song’s title was changed to “We Shall Overcome” and became known as the clarion call of the Civil Rights Movement.
Tindley’s “Leave It There” (1916) continues in popularity in Black churches for devotional music.
Thomas A. Dorsey
Tindley and his songs greatly inspired and influenced the late Thomas A. Dorsey (1899-1993), the father of Gospel music, who revolutionized sacred music.
Dorsey’s most popular compositions were “Precious Lord Take My Hand,” “Peace in the Valley,” “When the Gates Swing Open,” “It’s the Highway to Heaven,” and many more.
His compositions and performances expanded the musical genre for countless African American artists, including Sam Cooke, James Cleveland, Mahalia Jackson, Lucie E. Campbell, Doris Akers, Rev. Clay Evans, Billy Preston, Rev. C.L. Franklin, Aretha Franklin, Shirley Ceasar, Dorothy Norwood, and thousands more.
Black national anthem
Modern hymnals such as 1991 and 2008 Baptist Hymnal included the Black national anthem “Lift Every Voice and Sing.” This song is rich in heritage.
The poem was written by James Weldon Johnson and set to music by his brother John Rosamond Johnson. A school performance celebrating President Abraham Lincoln’s birthday debuted the song on Feb. 12, 1900.
“Lift Every Voice and Sing” was sung for the inaugural founding of the NAACP in New York City on Feb. 12, 1909.
This is only the tip of the iceberg of Black hymnody and hymnists. There is much more depth found in the study and performing of the great hymns of African American composers.
Hymns as devotionals
I will sing praise with my spirit, but I will sing with my mind also.
(1 Corinthians 14:15b ESV)
I highly recommend the inclusion of the songs of the church as a part of daily Bible reading and personal devotionals.
Several songs by African American composers and included in the 1975, 1991, and 2008 Baptist Hymnal are a part of my personal, devotional, and testimonial experiences and musical repertoire.
The late Andrae Crouch (1942-2015) and several of his many compositions are found in modern hymnals. “Bless the Lord, O My Soul,” “The Blood Will Never Lose Its Power,” “My Tribute,” “Soon and Very Soon,” “I Don’t Know Why Jesus Loved Me,” and “Let the Church Say ‘Amen’” are church favorites internationally and globally.
Doris Akers’ (1923-1995) “There’s A Sweet, Sweet Spirit” is perhaps her most popular of the 500 compositions she published. The song was born out of a spontaneous prayer revival that originated during a regular choir rehearsal in Los Angeles in 1962.
That night, Doris was consumed by the thought of the Lord’s sweet, sweet Spirit. She got out of bed, picked up a pen and composition book, and began writing to completion the words and music, all in one sitting. The verses and chorus follow.
‘There’s a Sweet, Sweet Spirit’
There’s a Sweet, Sweet Spirit in this place;
And I know that it’s the Spirit of the Lord.
There are sweet expressions on each face,
And I know that it’s the presence of the Lord.
There are blessings you cannot receive
Till you know Him in His fullness, and believe.
You’re the one to profit when you say,
“I am going to walk with Jesus all the way.”
Sweet Holy Spirit, Sweet Heavenly Dove,
You’re right here with us, Filling us with Your love.
And for these blessings, We lift our hearts in praise.
Without a doubt we’ll know that we have been revived
When we shall leave this place.
(Manna Music, Inc., copyright renewed, 1990)
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Dr. Roy Cotton Sr. is director of Texas Baptists’ Ambassador Program and has more than 60 years of church music experience. During college, he was the music chairman of the Baptist Student Union at the University of Texas. He is a graduate of Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, served 10 years on the faculty of the Lucie E. Campbell Church Music Workshop of the National Baptist Convention USA, and was an adjunct professor of musicology and hymnology at the Baptist Theological Seminary in Richmond, Va.