BOOKS: Faith in the Halls of Power
Posted: 10/26/07
BOOKS: Faith in the Halls of Power
Faith in the Halls of Power: How Evangelicals Joined the American Elite By Michael Lindsay (Oxford University Press)
A common-but-wrong as-sumption—the evangelical population has burgeoned in the United States since the 1970s—piqued Michael Lind-say’s curiosity and prompted this insightful new book.
“Most people assume that the number of evangelicals had grown dramatically since Jimmy Carter ran for president,” writes Lindsay, a former consultant at the Gallup Institute. He checked the statistics and found that’s not true. The percentage of U.S. adults who claim to be “born again” inched up only six points in 30 years, from 35 percent in 1976 to 41 percent last year.
So, why does it seem like the number of evangelicals has increased rapidly during the past three decades? Lindsay, a sociology professor at Rice University, spent three years criss-crossing the continent 28 times seeking an answer. He interviewed 360 prominent evangelical leaders—not only pastors and heads of denominational and parachurch groups, but also laypeople in the secular marketplace and two former presidents.
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Lindsay discovered evangelicals’ visibility and influence in American culture increased far beyond their numerical gain. That’s because evangelical membership in the “American elite” rose sharply. They seem more prevalent because evangelicals whose presence commands attention are more numerous, and those evangelicals stand astride the highest echelons of power and influence.
Faith in the Halls of Power tracks the increasing population of evangelicals within the leadership of four major segments of society—government, academia, entertainment/media and business. Lindsay shows how evangelicals gained prominence, primarily through networking, encouraging one another and installing rungs on the ladders of success. For example, already-prominent evangelicals at the prime of their careers formed and funded ascendancy-oriented programs—such as academic scholarships, political and business internships, and artists’ groups—to pave the way for younger evangelicals to join them at elite levels of their respective fields. They’re focused on “transforming the cultural mainstream.”
Lindsay tells their tale with a researcher’s eye for documentation and a storyteller’s passion for detail, expression and poignancy. He explains how evangelicals’ “elastic orthodoxy” differentiates them from fundamentalists and enables them to work ecumenically without watering down their faith. He describes the differences between old-school, highly visible evangelical leaders and institutions, such as James Dobson, Jerry Falwell and the Moral Majority, and a kindler, gentler evangelicalism by talking about the differences between “populist” and “cosmopolitan” evangelicals.
Research for Faith in the Halls of Power turned up numerous surprises, Lindsay acknowledged in an interview. “I was not expecting to find the insignificance of the role of the local church in these evangelical leaders’ lives and the proportionate significance of parachurch organizations for them,” he noted, citing his biggest shock. As a whole, the evangelical leaders are only nominally involved in local churches, but they tend to populate the boards of parachurch groups.
The counter-trend is membership in megachurches. “It’s not the size of the church or the opportunity for anonymity” that attract evangelical elites to the huge congregations, he explained. “They want pastors they can respect as leaders—pastors as religious entrepreneurs. They want to see their pastor as a leadership peer.” In his book, Lindsay quotes a business leader who paid his pastor the ultimate elite compliment—he could have been “a Fortune 10 CEO.”
Churches can learn a couple of lessons from evangelical leaders’ aversion to strongly identify with congregations, Lindsay suggested.
“One is we have to do a better job of recruiting strong leaders into pastoral roles. We need strong leaders leading our churches,” he said. “Also, we need to realize spiritual formation comes in lots of different shapes and sizes. … I can’t tell you how many small-group meetings (of evangelical leaders) take place over conference calls. They may meet in person only once or twice a year, but they may call in from Dubai, New York, Los Angeles or from home in Dallas or Houston. It’s a new way of doing small groups.”
Aversion to local-church involvement also is “not good news for denominations,” Lindsay conceded.
“Denominational identity is at an all-time low. I don’t see signs for denominational affiliation growing” among evangelical elites, he said.
But the Baptist General Convention of Texas is one of the few denominational or-ganizations situated to buck that trend, he added.
“Texas Baptists have figured out how to create partnerships for different kinds of ministries” that appeal to evangelical leaders, he said. “That’s the future—building collaborative partnerships.”
Also, the BGCT is home to 27 agencies and institutions, which provide a denominational alternative to parachurch involvement, he noted. “Institutions—that’s where a lot of these folks are plugged in. They exercise their leadership not through involvement on a board of deacons, but through the boards of strong institutions.”
Lindsay’s connections to Texas Baptists run deep. He graduated from Baylor University in Waco before heading east to earn a master of divinity degree at Princeton Theological Seminary and a doctor of philosophy degree at Princeton University. He served as a special assistant to the president at Dallas Baptist University. In Houston, he’s a member of West University Baptist Church.
Although his research took him shoulder-to-shoulder with leaders at the highest levels of academia, business, entertainment and politics, it also underscored an important lesson for ordinary people of faith, Lindsay said.
“I was struck by the great desire of people, that their spiritual lives would help them be more effective witnesses in the workaday world,” he explained.
“This was true not only of leaders, but also of their secretaries and others who escorted me to their meetings—the need to connect between Sunday and Monday, to integrate their professional lives and their faith,” he said. “There has to be relevance between your faith and what you do.”
Marv Knox, editor
Baptist Standard, Dallas