Judas got a bum rap, scholars say
Posted: 4/13/06
Judas got a bum rap, scholars say
By Stacy Meichtry
Religion News Service
ROME (RNS)—Every great story deserves a great villain. For Christians who consider the Easter narrative the greatest ever told, no one in history quite matches the despicable deeds and evil nature of Judas Iscariot.
But questions of whether Judas deserves his foul reputation have become increasingly loud in recent years, with some calling for a historical makeover for the fallen disciple.
Not only has Judas become a character in Hollywood films sympathetically portraying him as a misunderstood revolutionary, he has benefited from a raft of scholarly research that aims to absolve him through close readings of the Gospel accounts and other early Christian texts.
Judas is even getting his own text. The National Geographic Society is unveiling a 4th century Gospel of Judas in a series airing on its National Geographic Channel. According to that gospel, Judas was fulfilling a divine plan by handing Christ over to his executioners.
As Christians observed Lent and prepared for Holy Week and Easter, Pope Benedict XVI seized upon a recent weekly audience to defend the traditional view of Judas, labeling him the “traitor apostle.”
But some scholars point to human nature’s tendency to demonize a foreign enemy, and they see Judas straddling the distinction between foreign and insider enmity.
“The major problem of the current time is how to deal with the other,” or the unfamiliar, said William Klassen, author of Judas: Betrayer or Friend of Jesus and a leading advocate for the rehabilitation of Judas. “Judas opens that up for us in a way that no other person in history does.”
Scholars like Klassen argue that Judas’ last name “Iscariot” indicates he was probably from the village of Kerioth in southern Judea, while the other apostles came from the northern region of Galilee.
Judas, therefore, was an outsider who found his way into Christ’s inner circle and who allegedly abused his position of privilege.
The unique bond between Christ and Judas is apparent in the earliest gospel accounts, including the Gospel of Mark, written around 70 A.D. In Mark, Judas identifies Christ to authorities with a kiss.
“He’s an intimate betrayer,” said Elaine Pagels, professor of early Christianity at Princeton University. “That’s what’s so troubling. Judas turned in his own teacher.”
Centuries after Christ’s death, however, historical accounts of Judas begin to deprive him of his insider status. Taking license with his first name, which literally means “Jew,” early Christian writers and medieval historians aimed to alienate Judas from the church’s founders by applying anti-Jewish stereotypes to him, some modern writers insist.
As centuries passed from the moment of Christ’s death, Judas began to acquire more pronounced Semitic features in Western art and literature. In the fourth-century writings of St. Augustine, early Christianity’s most influential theologian, Judas is presented as a distinctly Jewish foil to St. Peter, the founder of the church.
The more Christianity sought to distinguish itself from Judaism, in other words, the more Judas became distinctly Jewish, scholars like Klassen assert. The evil he represented, meanwhile, evolved from a question of personal sin to one of a foreign threat.
News of religion, faith, missions, Bible study and Christian ministry among Texas Baptist churches, in the BGCT, the Southern Baptist Convention ( SBC ) and around the world.