Posted: 9/03/04
Texas offers theology students
multiple-choice answers
By Ken Camp
Managing Editor
Thirty years ago, when a Texas Baptist minister spoke of going to “the seminary,” nearly everyone assumed he would load a moving van and head for Fort Worth.
Today, a Texas Baptist who feels God's calling to ministry might just as likely move to Waco, Abilene or San Antonio–or stay in the community where he or she already is serving a church.
Obviously, some ministerial students choose to leave the state to study at one of the five Southern Baptist Convention-supported seminaries outside Texas, at one of the new Baptist divinity schools created in recent years or at a non-Baptist seminary.
Others stay in Texas but attend non-Baptist schools ranging from the conservative Dallas Theological Seminary to more liberal mainline schools like Brite Divinity School at Texas Christian University or Perkins School of Theology at Southern Methodist University.
Add to the mix the SBC-supported Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary in Fort Worth–the oldest and largest Baptist seminary in Texas–and the new B.H. Carroll Theological Institute.
But even for students who remain in Texas and want to attend a school related to the Baptist General Convention of Texas, the menu of options has grown so complex the BGCT printed a “theological education locator” as a navigational tool. The roadmap guides potential students through their choices, from certificate of ministry courses to advanced graduate studies.
Options at BGCT-related schools
The BGCT Theological Education Committee, created by the convention seven years ago, has worked with BGCT-related institutions to develop multiple options for students at various educational levels and in diverse locations, said Royce Rose, BGCT director of theological education.
“The committee, made up of Baptist ministers and laypersons from around the state and representatives from each of the 11 theological education programs at the universities, has focused its attention on making quality, biblically based, historically Baptist training available to every minister in Texas at whatever level of study they need,” Rose said.
Baptist University of the Americas in San Antonio provides special developmental programs for students with limited English skills, as well as a program that allows students to earn a high school equivalency diploma.
Howard Payne University in Brownwood, East Texas Baptist University in Marshall and the University of Mary Hardin-Baylor in Belton offer 18 one-hour ministry courses leading to a certificate in ministry. The courses are available at the schools' main campuses and at off-campus centers. Students who want to continue their education can transfer those credits toward an associate or bachelor's degree.
Wayland Baptist University in Plainview, Dallas Baptist University, Howard Payne University and East Texas State University offer 64-hour associate degrees, and those credits can be applied toward the 128 hours required for a bachelor's degree.
Those four schools–along with Baylor University in Waco, Hardin-Simmons University in Abilene, Houston Baptist University, the University of Mary Hardin-Baylor and Baptist University of the Americas–offer bachelor's degree programs designed specifically for students preparing for ministry.
At the graduate level, Dallas Baptist University, Houston Baptist University, Hardin-Simmons University's Logsdon School of Theology and Wayland Baptist University offer master's degrees in ministry studies. Wayland provides graduate-level studies in ministry at sites in Lubbock, Amarillo and San Antonio, as well as in Plainview.
Logsdon and Baylor's Truett Theological Seminary offer master of divinity degrees, as well as other related graduate degrees through the universities of which they are a part. Truett also offers the doctor of ministry degree.
Distinctive purposes, niches
The two seminaries related to BGCT-affiliated universities–Truett and Logsdon–each has its own carefully defined purpose and distinctive niche.
“Our mission is to be the premier Baptist seminary of the world,” said Truett Seminary Dean Paul Powell. “We want to train the emerging generation of ministers. We're not in competition with anybody else. We know who we are and what we're capable of becoming.”
With 400 students and 15 full-time faculty already, Powell is convinced Truett is poised for growth.
Logsdon School of Theology, on the other hand, expects to enroll no more than 115 students this fall, including remote sites–at Lubbock in a cooperative venture with Wayland Baptist University and at Corpus Christi in cooperation with the South Texas School of Christian Studies.
Having a student enrollment that barely tops triple digits is fine with Logsdon Dean Tommy Brisco, who says some students choose Logsdon because it offers a level of individualized instruction not possible at some larger schools.
“Dialogue and interaction at the graduate theological level is crucial. We don't want to get 25 or 30 people in a classroom,” he said. No classes are larger than 15 students, and Logsdon will offer a class with as few as five students.
“We believe with the size we are, it's easier to do spiritual formation,” Brisco added. “Chapel experiences are really family experiences. We're still at a size where students can dialogue around the lunch tables with speakers.”
Both Logsdon and Truett emphasize the importance of mentoring programs, but they define the terms differently.
At Logsdon, each incoming student is assigned to a professor who works with the student on spiritual formation, academic advancement and professional development, both inside and outside the classroom.
“It's an ongoing process of spiritual and intellectual formation,” Brisco said.
Likewise at Truett, professors are expected to work individually with students, but each student's mentor is a practitioner in a local church.
“Each student spends one full semester under the tutelage of an experienced minister on the church field,” Powell said.
As opposed to the field experience requirements in some schools that provide limited interaction with experienced ministers and a narrow field of experiences for student ministers, Truett has made efforts to “put teeth into” its mentoring program, he said.
“Each student must do everything a pastor does at least once,” such as officiate at a wedding, conduct a funeral, baptize someone and lead the church in observing the Lord's Supper, he explained. Then students must put together a notebook on their experiences.
“The student comes out of the experience with the equivalent of a homemade pastor's manual,” Powell said.
Leaders of Logsdon and Truett agree each of their schools benefits from being related to a liberal arts university.
“We do allow–and even encourage–students to take advantage of courses outside the Logsdon seminary curriculum,” Brisco said.
In addition to taking classes at Hardin-Simmons in subjects ranging from business administration to psychology, students also can “double-dip” by attending conferences and guest lecture series offered by either the school of theology or the university, Brisco added.
Powell echoed the same view about his school, saying, “One of the advantages of Truett is the cross-pollination that takes place and the students' ability to take courses in other disciplines.”
Truett Seminary offers courses in worship and Christian education, and students can take concentrations in a variety of disciplines, but the seminary offers only two degrees–the master of divinity and the doctor of ministry.
“We want them to have a good knowledge of the Scriptures. Ministers of education and ministers of music ought to have a good theological background,” Powell said.
Students who want the academic preparation leading to a doctor of philosophy degree are referred to the Baylor University religion department. Truett has its own faculty separate from the university's religion department.
Logsdon, on the other hand, is the religion department at Hardin-Simmons University. Logsdon offers both a master of divinity degree and a master of arts in religion, as well as a master of arts in family ministry in cooperation with the university's psychology and counseling department.
Clear mission, clear choice
Southwestern Seminary in Fort Worth offers advanced degree programs in Christian education and church music and training opportunities for laity through its leadership development center. But President Paige Patterson is convinced the school must place greatest emphasis on what he believes is its founding mission.
“The major responsibility for Southwestern Seminary continues to be the training of the next generation of pastors, missionaries and evangelists,” he said.
The numbers reflect that commitment. Of nearly 3,000 students enrolled in Southwestern Seminary last spring, more than half–1,772–were in programs in the School of Theology. Another 879 were in the School of Educational Ministries and 134 in the School of Church Music, with the remainder in lay studies and certificate programs.
Students select Southwestern Seminary in part because of its “great heritage,” but primarily because they want a school with high academic standards and an evangelistic, missionary zeal, Patterson said.
Earlier this year, the seminary's board of trustees voted to approve a School of Evangelism and Missions, and Patterson hopes to see it launched by the fall 2005 semester.
“This is a school that is returning to its roots in terms of its strong emphasis on every student being involved in personal witness and as a missionary,” he said.
“We are working toward having every student on a Third World mission field sometime while he or she is here. My preference would be that they have to sleep in hammocks, fight off cobras and tarantulas, and eat rice three times a day. I want them to be out of their comfort zone. I want them to be in a situation where their prayer life alone sustains them, and where they see God doing the impossible.”
Unlike BGCT-related schools such as Truett and Logsdon, professors at Southwestern Seminary must sign a statement affirming the 2000 Baptist Faith & Message.
The SBC confession restricts the pastor's role to men, calls on wives to be submissive to their husbands and deletes a reference declaring Jesus Christ to be the criterion for biblical interpretation.
“A Baptist school ought to advocate Baptist positions,” Patterson said.
Women in ministry
Southwestern and the BGCT-related theological education schools clearly part company on the matter of training women for teaching and preaching roles.
“The Scriptures are crystal clear about it. In the church of God, a woman is not to be placed in a teaching or ruling position over men,” Patterson said.
Women are eligible for admission in any degree program at Southwestern Seminary, “contrary to the popular conventional wisdom out there,” he said. Only faculty–not students–are required to sign a confession of faith, and students may hold positions contrary to the 2000 Baptist Faith & Message.
But if a woman believes she is called to be pastor, she should come to class fully aware she will hear a different view advanced by the professor, he said.
“We believe there are biblical positions that have to be advocated,” he said. “And, of course, we have very different convictions on the gender roles, and she would have to be prepared to hear that. We believe all views ought to be taught, and some views ought to be advocated.
“She would read the womanist theologians here, but then we're also going to show her why that dog won't hunt and also give her a thorough evangelical alternative. So she'd have to be prepared to live with that.”
In contrast to the “touchy-feely shallow stuff” taught in many women's conferences, Patterson wants to see women trained at Southwestern as biblically grounded teachers of women.
He believes the New Testament restricts women from teaching men in church, but that does not necessarily extend to other settings, such as the seminary classroom.
“I would say it would be rather inconsistent, however, of a theological institution like ours to view that a woman should not be pastor of a church, and then put her in a teaching role where she's teaching systematic theology or preaching or pastoral ministries or something of that nature,” he said.
“So that won't happen here. There are certain areas of the faculty that will be men only.
“We can't dictate to them, but we counsel women to give themselves to the teaching of women,” he said, noting his wife, Dorothy, is on the theology faculty but exclusively teaches women.
In contrast, Truett and Logsdon place no restrictions on women preparing for ministerial roles.
“The Lord brings to us whomever he wills,” Powell said. “It's the church's job to call people to staff positions. We're not trying to tell God or the churches what to do. We take the ones God sends us and those whom the churches recommend.”
Baptist congregational church polity demands that seminaries respect the judgment of churches, Brisco added.
“We assume churches are capable of recognizing gifts and calling, and we take their recommendations at face value,” he said. “That's the genius of Baptist polity. God calls. Churches affirm. Seminaries equip. I can't think of a more Baptist way to do it.”
Launching new initiatives
Truett, Logsdon and Southwestern seminaries all have plans for new initiatives in the not-too-distant future.
Truett Seminary offers four pastors' conferences each year as continuing education opportunities for ministers–a general-interest preaching conference and specialized conferences for Hispanic, African-American and bivocational pastors. And the seminary will offer two unusual courses during its abbreviated January term, between the fall and spring semesters.
“One is a course in entrepreneurial leadership and general business,” Powell said.
“It's designed to help pastors become good leaders by teaching them business practices such as how to read spreadsheets, learning about liability insurance and learning something about real estate. It will be taught by people from the business world who have firsthand experience.
“Another course is on the art of persuasion–taught by a trial lawyer and a preaching professor. The purpose is the same, whether you're a trial lawyer or a preacher. It is to win a verdict, not just to convey information.”
Truett also is exploring the possibility of online courses and certificate-level classes in the Dallas area and the Rio Grande Valley.
Logsdon School of Theology already offers classes in Lubbock and Corpus Christi and is exploring the possibility of expanding to El Paso, Brisco said.
Logsdon also cooperates with Texas State Technical College to provide theological instruction for students in its missionary aviation program.
Brisco said he hopes to explore educational opportunities for military personnel stationed at Dyess Air Force Base.
Southwestern Seminary will launch an undergraduate college–“no later than the fall of next year,” Patterson said.
“We're not trying to be a general liberal arts institution. … As we understand our assignment (from the SBC), it has to do with the churches. Whatever we do, even at the college level, has to be with regard to people who plan to give their lives to the ministry of the churches.”
The college will offer a biblical studies major and a “great books” intensive reading program for students who major in the history of Western ideas, he explained, insisting the college is not in competition with Dallas Baptist University, Criswell College or any other undergraduate school in the area.
“We wish them all well as long as they are in the service of the King,” he said.
As far as other innovations are concerned, Patterson categorized as “absurd” rumors that Southwestern Seminary plans to segregate classes male and female, institute a rigid dress code for students, or do away with the ethics or church history programs at the seminary.
“It's difficult for me to believe those rumors are not malicious,” he said.
Southwestern will continue to adjust to changing realities–such as offering master of divinity courses in Spanish and taking steps to make the faculty more ethnically diverse.
The seminary will be “a servant institution” for Texas churches affiliated with either the BGCT or the Southern Baptists of Texas Convention, Patterson said.
And it will continue to play an important role in preparing ministers for those churches–no matter now much some people point to changes in church life, he insisted.
“My persuasion would be that things have not changed as much as people think they have. I do not see any time in the foreseeable future when our churches will not need pastors who have availed themselves of theological training.”
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